Rüter-Ehlermann, Adelheid (editor): Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, vol. TNA FO HNP/3237 (Rossi, Jean) A memorial stone outside the revenue office in Hersbruck and a memorial plaque at the bricked-in tunnel entrances in Happurg are complemented by information panels. Le but des sous-champs de Dachau. Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office.Unlike other concentration camps, it was located in a remote area, in the Fichtel Mountains of Bavaria, adjacent to the town of Flossenbürg and near the German border with Czechoslovakia.The camp's initial purpose was to exploit the forced labor of prisoners for the … It was razed in 2007, despite being the last remaining structure left of the concentration camp. ; Créé en: 1938; Libération: 23 avril 1945, par une unité de la 2nd U.S. Since beginning our data base in 2000, it contains over 90,000 names, 90% of the arrested persons in the KZ. According to official court transcripts from a trial of Hersbruck officials in 1950: Prisoner kapos, SS guards, and civilians from the construction firms beat the prisoners with their bare hands, clubs, dog whips and rubber hoses, and kicked them with their feet. From around 1,900 prisoners in August 1944, the number of prisoners rose dramatically with nearly 6,000 inmates by the end of March 1945. 90 000 y périront. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème Camp de concentration, Holocauste, Allemagne nazi. Among them were more than 1,300 Jews. He was the only Channel Islander of four to survive Gross-Rosen and Hersbruck concentration camps. The overcrowded trains of freight cars, reached after several days the Buchenwald concentration camp, Flossenburg, the sub-camps of Hersbruck and Leitmeritz, Mauthausen, Dora, Nordhausen and the the main camp … The prisoners were forced to perform heavy labour with no consideration whatsoever for the poor state of their health, which just got worse. TNA FO 950/1767 (Rossi, Marcel). Foster was particularly violent, while Fügner and Schwarz undertook nothing to alleviate the catastrophic living conditions of the prisoners. This camp was located in Hersbruck, Germany. Mémorial du camp de concentration de Flossenbürg Gedächtnisallee 5 D-92696 Flossenbürg +49 9603-90390-0. It was relocated in a simplified form to the bank of the newly built Happurg reservoir. The National Archives (TNA), Foreign Office (FO) It was the third largest camp in Southern Germany and operated as a satellite camp for the Flossenburg Concentration Camp. He was also accused of having shot three prisoners on the forced march towards Dachau in April 1945. Many of the prisoners did not survive the 90-mile march. Most of the deceased victims in Hersbruck were cremated in Nuremberg. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum , Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 2009, pp. (Courtesy of KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg, http://www.gedenkstaette-flossenbuerg.de/), Between Amberger Str. Droit d'auteur: les textes sont disponibles sous licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer.Voyez les conditions d’utilisation pour plus de … It was later moved to a less visible location behind the barracks. In 2016 the Flossenbürg Memorial Site opened the exhibition “Documentation Hersbruck/Happurg” at both locations. Jean Rossi and his son Marcel Rossi were the only Channel Islanders imprisoned in Hersbruck Concentration Camp K (Z-Außenlager Hersbruck, Lager Hersbruck). It was converted from a concentration camp, and it was operated by UNRRA and later by IRO. Ten former Hersbruck staff members were put on trial in the State Court of Nuremberg-Fürth in 1950 and given sentences ranging from release after time served to ten years. 1 , Part A. found: Sagen Sie, Herr Pfarrer, wie kommen Sie zur SS? Jean Rossi was placed on a forced march from Hersbruck that left between 5-13 April 1945, and was liberated by American troops later that month in Schwandorf, a town about 36 miles southeast of Hersbruck. In February 1945 he fell ill with pneumonia. In Schupf and Hubmersberg monuments were also erected at locations where corpses of prisoners were cremated. My parents did not work anywhere outside the camp. Search All 7 Records in Our Collections. Avec l'intensification des attaques aériennes alliées sur l'industrie militaire allemande après 1943, le ministre allemand de l'armement et le chef de la SS ils ont convenu d'accélérer la construction d'énormes usines souterraines, en utilisant un certain nombre de travailleurs et prisonniers recrutés dans des camps de concentration. On many occasions, prisoners were bloodily beaten down to the ground. Estimation du nombre de victimes: 92.000; Camps annexes: 31 camps annexes et kommandos extérieurs (cliquez ici pour la liste de ces camps annexes) Vue générale de Ravensbrück à la libération. Landsberg am Lech developed where a major historic salt road crossed over the Lech. Carr, Gilly; Sanders, Paul; Willmot Louise: Protest, Defiance and Resistance in the Channel Islands: German Occupation, 1940-1945, Bloomsbury Academic, London & New York, 2014. The site of Hersbruck Concentration Camp in 1936, prior to the construction of the prisoner barracks. The website of the Hersbruck memorial (in German). Marcel Rossi, suffering from pneumonia, was placed on a forced foot march in the direction of Dachau — not Flossenbürg, as his father had presumed — on 7 April 1945 with around 600 other prisoners. The large white building was a sports hall that served as the first prisoner barracks. Approximately 4,000 prisoners died at Hersbruck and a mound shaped memorial stands where the former crematorium existed. Contact; Qui sommes-nous; Association des Amis; The documentation site Hersbruck/Happurg is opening to the public on Monday, 25th January. The prisoner had cried “don’t shoot me, I am German” and was upon his knees, in no way attempting to escape, and the guard shot him once and then once more when he lay upon the ground. The actual evacuation took place on the 8th and 9th of February 1945. Some 4,000 deaths. 2020 - Découvrez le tableau "Camps de Concentration." The location where his son Marcel died and where his mortal remains are located remain unknown. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Alphabetical list of Flossenbürg inmates, microfilm RG-30.005M, via ancestry.com (Jean Rossi listed as “John Rossi” at this source). La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 14 février 2020 à 19:51. At the end of February 1945 there were 5,863 prisoners in the Hersbruck subcamp. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Hersbruck est le siège d'un camp de concentration annexe du camp de Flossenbürg. Hersbruck, dix kilomètres à l’est de Nuremberg, était après Leitmeritz (Litomerice) le deuxième plus grand camp extérieur du camp de concentration de Flossenbürg. En mai 1939, le régime nazi établit le plus grand camp de concentration spécialement réservé aux femmes : Ravensbrück. Certains déportés de Dachau et de Buchenwald sont, semble-t-il, transférés directement vers les Kommandos de Hersbruck, de Flöha et de Terezin sans passer par Flossenbürg. A gallows for the execution of prisoners was erected on the roll-call square of the camp on 31 August 1944. Cavalry. One of the former guards in Hersbruck, a Luftwaffe sergeant who later became an SS-Hauptscharführer in the Waffen-SS, was alleged to have crushed the skull of a French prisoner with a pistol “until his blood was splattered all over the walls and he collapsed”, which led to the prisoner’s death. Retour à la vue d'ensemble. Hersbruck . Former Concentration Camp Hersbruck The Concentration Camp Hersbruck was situated here from Mai 1944 until April 1945. Forced and standard civilian labourers worked along side concentration camp inmates. [‘Tell me Father, how did you come to join the SS?’), Brunnen Verlag, Giessen and Basel, 2nd edition 1983 (in German). Jean and Marcel Rossi arrived in Hersbruck on 15 February 1945 from Gross-Rosen Concentration Camp. Hersbruck, about 1948, Wooden cross, set up by survivors in 1945 at the former camp premises, Association des Déportés de Flossenbürg et Kommandos Ravensbrück fut le seul grand camp de concentration réservé aux femmes. The site of Hersbruck Concentration Camp in 1936, prior to the construction of the prisoner barracks. +49 9603-90390-0document.getElementById("5fdd56ff5be0f").innerHTML = "vasbezngvba@trqraxfgnrggr-sybffraohret.qr".replace(/[a-zA-Z]/g, function(c) {return String.fromCharCode((c<="Z"?90:122)>=(c=c.charCodeAt(0)+13)?c:c-26);}); Copyright © 2020 KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Lenz, Hans-Friedrich: Sagen Sie Herr Pfarrer, wie kommen Sie zur SS? in 91217 Hersbruck, Bavaria, Germany. Last time I saw him, I was in Hersbruck Concentration Camp. and Erlenstr. The prisoners were forced to erect a barracks compound on the edge of Hersbruck, where they were then quartered from July 26, 1944. Contact us with information about your family member so we can add more to their page on the website. Sanders, Paul: The Ultimate Sacrifice, Jersey Heritage Trust, Jersey, 2004. His father spent years trying without success to learn of his son’s fate. At the end of February 1945 there were 5,863 prisoners in the Hersbruck subcamp. Today a tax and revenue office, parking spaces, sports grounds and an apartment development are located on the former camp grounds. In 2009, the city erected two information plaques at the camp’s former site. Most of the prisoners were subject to such conditions. Camps extérieurs; Hersbruck; Partager Partager sur WhatsApp Partager sur Facebook Partager sur Twitter. Hersbruck, near Nuernberg, camp name was Camp Kathann. Hersbruck est une ville de Bavière , située dans l'arrondissement du Pays-de-Nuremberg, dans le district de Moyenne-Franconie. Camps de concentration des années 1930. (Konzentrationslager Hersbruck) found: Verzeichnis der Haftstätten unter dem Reichsführer-SS (1933-1945), 1979: p. 107 (Hersbruck; in Bavaria) 6, University Press Amsterdam, 1971, pp. Hersbruck was a sub-camp of Flossenbürg Concentration and was created in May 1944 to force prisoners to construct a series of tunnels in the nearby mountains for the creation of an underground aeroplane engine plant for the Bayerischen Motoren Werke (BMW), the same BMW known today for its automobiles. All rights reserved. Weinmann, Martin (editor): Das nationalsozialistische Lagersystem, Zweitausendiens, Frankfurt am Main, 4th edition, 2004. All residents were Latvians. Articles de la catégorie « Camp de concentration nazi » (116) Liste des camps de concentration nazis; Palette Camps nazis par type et par pays 130 000 femmes et enfants y seront déportés. Locations: Hersbruck module: Badstr. In 1945 a monument was erected on the remains of the crematorium. In addition, there was a building called a “mercy block”, where prisoners who were near death were executed or left to die. A Ravensbrück, au nord de Berlin, s'est tenu il y a quelques années une exposition sur une page touchante de l'horreur du nazisme: dans l'ancien siège d'un camp de concentration nazi connu, à prédominance féminine, on peut prendre connaissance de l'histoire de de nombreuses prisonnières, contraintes à la prostitution, entre 1942 et 1945. The former SS Headquarters of Hersbruck were used as the city’s finance office after the war and razed in 2007, despite being the last remaining relic of Hersbruck Concentration Camp, where at least 4,000 people — primarily Hungarian Jews — perished under brutal conditions. There are several ways to be more specific in your search query: "Phrase" Search an exact match of your query, e.g. The Hersbruck camp barracks were razed in 1951 to make way for a new suburb and tennis courts. The Wiener Library, London: file on Marcel Rossi, , document reference 89592047. Coming from the occupied countries of southern and western Europe, mainly Italian and French nationals were imprisoned in Hersbruck. The prisoners had to work in the "Doggerstollen" in Happurg. Aerial view of the camp grounds in Hersbruck, 2019 (Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial / Photo: Rainer Viertlböck). In May and June 1944, the prisoners were initially quartered in the hall of an inn and in a barn in Happurg. 400 men, mainly air force soldiers. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème Camp de concentration, Holocauste, Allemagne nazi. KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg, Stiftung bayerische Gedenkstätten, exhibition “Documentation Hersbruck/Happurg”. Like most survivors, Jean Rossi probably suffered from a variety of chronic physical disabilities and post-traumatic stress disorders for the rest of his life. It is presumed that Marcel Rossi died somewhere along this route and was buried in an improvised grave, as were so many other prisoners. View of the subcamp Hersbruck after the liberation, 1945. The European Sites of Remembrance website about Hersbruck Concentration Camp: An article about Hersbruck (in German) on the 'Forced Labor 1939–1945" website of Freie Universität Berlin and the EVZ Foundation. ; Estimation du nombre de victimes: 73,000; Camps annexes: 93 camps annexes et kommandos extérieurs (cliquez ici pour la liste des camps annexes). En 1940, la SS essaya de gagner un complément de surface. Show less. The purpose of this project is to keep track of all of the profiles of the displaced persons or Holocaust Survivors who were residents of the Hersbruck Displaced Persons Camp. In 1965 restitution testimonials, Jean Rossi recounted that Hersbruck was “very very bad”, but unfortunately left no other descriptions of the conditions there. 29 févr. At times, up to 30 persons died every day. The 65th Infantry Division at German concentration camps in World War II : Ohrdruf, Hersbruck and Mauthausen : end of the war, meet the Russians & repatriation of camp inmates, German POWs & displaced persons, summer of 1945 ( Book ) Hersbruck Concentration Camp was located in Bavaria, Germany, belonging to the district Nürnberger. A total of around 9,000 prisoners from more than 20 countries. Includes maps of the former camp location overlaid on current street maps and a map showing the forced march from Hersbruck towards Dachau Concentration Camp. "Member lists" +Phrase Given word has to be in the result, e.g. de Joseph Sepp Dietrich sur Pinterest. The large white building was a sports hall that served as the first prisoner barracks. We were in the same camps till this camp was evacuated, we were then parted. The chances of a prisoner surviving Hersbruck was about 50%; every second prisoner in this concentration camp died there or on the ensuing death march. Coming from the occupied countries of southern and western Europe, mainly Italian and French nationals were imprisoned in Hersbruck. L'objectif de ce Kommando est d'installer une usine souterraine pour la fabrication de moteurs d'avion. The camp commandant, SS-Hauptsturmführer Heinrich Forster, went into hiding after the war under the alias Hans Reich and died in 1955 in Hanau as a result of a cycling accident. En définitive, c'est la disposition en cuvette de la vallée qui empêcha une large expansion du camp de concentration. +49 9603-90390-0document.getElementById("5fdd56ff5bdec").innerHTML = "vasbezngvba@trqraxfgnrggr-sybffraohret.qr".replace(/[a-zA-Z]/g, function(c) {return String.fromCharCode((c<="Z"?90:122)>=(c=c.charCodeAt(0)+13)?c:c-26);}); Tunnel system in Happurg, 1987 (Staatliches Bauamt Nuremberg). German prisoners formed a minority. +Gestapo Localisation: Près de Bayreuth. Another SS guard received a sentence of 2 years’ prison for shooting a prisoner who had attempted to steal some potatoes. A reprint of Catalogue of Camps and Prisons in Germany and German-Occupied Territories, published by the International Tracing Service (ITS) 1948-1952. There is a prisoner list and death register for Herzberg Concentration Camp (KZ lager) Thank you for your friendly inquiry about the Ukrainian prisoners in KZ lager Hersbruck. 1982: t.p. À cet effet on entama une carrière à l'intérieur même du camp de concentration. Ancienne ville forte, la ville possède de belles demeures anciennes et les vestiges d'une fortification médiévale. Le travail des détenus consiste à déblayer les … 29 août 2020 - Dachau - Auschwitz - Buchenwald - Birkenau - Ravensbruck - Majdanek - Bergen-Belsen . Hersbruck required a constant stream of new prisoners as up to 30 prisoners died each day as a result of poor living conditions, hunger, executions and beatings by the SS guards and Kapos. The building behind it was the SS headquarters, later used as the city’s finance office. The Museum’s Collections document the fate of Holocaust victims, survivors, rescuers, liberators, and others through artifacts, documents, photos, films, books, personal stories, and more.Search below to view digital records and find material that you can access at our library and at the Shapell Center. Two-thirds of the prisoners came from Poland, Hungary, and the Soviet Union. Hersbruck was thus one of the largest satellite camps of the Flossenbürg concentration camp; it also noted an especially high death rate. The building behind it was the SS headquarters, later used as the city’s finance office. The main camp consisted of 15 overcrowded prisoner barracks, three barracks for the infirmary, a camp office, a kitchen, the toilets, mortuary, and an open square for roll call. Les détenus durent détacher du … Excavating a tunnel system in a mountain near Happurg for the planned BMW underground aircraft engine factory; railway construction; transportation of building materials; however, with the tunnel system only partially completed, production operations were not commenced with. During the Nazi Regime, Hersbruck was a subsidiary camp of Flossenbürg concentration camp. Hersbruck (Concentration camp) Hersbruck concentration camp Label from public data source Wikidata; Sources. Russie: un faux camp de concentration fait polémique en Carélie. La décision de mettre en place le camp de Flossenbürg, datant de Mars 1938, Il est dans le cadre de la restructuration du système de camps de concentration dans lequel, en plus de l'emprisonnement et l'intimidation des opposants politiques, y compris l'exploitation du travail libre des prisonniers jusqu'à ce que « l'extermination par le travail » (Vernichtung durch Arbeit). Many of those classified as unfit for work died after being transported back to Flossenbürg. I have made many enquiries but without results. Landsberg is situated on the Romantic Road and is the center of the Lechrain region, the boundary region between Swabia and Bavaria.It is noted for its picturesque historic center. View of the Houbirg Mountain and the reservoir in Happurg, 2019 (Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial / Photo: Rainer Viertlböck). It was razed in 2007, despite being the last remaining structure left of the concentration camp. Because of “mitigating circumstances” such as the fact that the guard’s father was supposedly an alcoholic and that he had “no moral guidance” in his upbringing, and the fact that the camp circumstances were brutal for all concerned, led to this SS guard receiving a sentence of five years’ prison for the four murders he committed. 610-611. 145, 91217 Hersbruck Le 20 avril 1945, alors que les troupes alliées approchent, le camp est évacué en quatre colonnes qui comprennent au total 14 800 détenus, dont l'une atteint Dachau. German prisoners formed a minority. Klee, Ernst: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich, Wer war was vor und nach 1945 (The Lexikon of People in the Third Reich, Who was what before and after 1945), S. Fischer Verlagn, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 159 (in German). The official cause of death listed on the death certificates of hanged prisoners was ‘heart weakness’ (Herzschwäche), a typical Nazi tactic to cover up their crimes. I remember the camp … SS detachment leader Ludwig Schwarz was put on trial in Nuremberg in 1951 and was sentenced to death, but most of the other camp functionaries were given light sentences. Il se distinguait fondamentalement des autres camps de concentration extérieurs du nord de la Bavière par sa taille et le grand nombre de victimes 1. Les premiers camps de concentration (auparavant souvent dénommés camps de concentration « sauvages ») regroupent les camps créés après la prise de pouvoir par Adolf Hitler, de manière non systématique et dans des conditions différentes de rattachement, afin d'éliminer les opposants politiques au nazisme. 696-722 (Trial of former Hersbruck officials in the State Court of Nuremberg-Fürth, 13 July 1950). By what I have gathered, he was sent to Flossenbürg with other sick [people]. Detail leaders were Emil Fügner, Heinrich Forster, Ludwig Schwarz. Further information: Project documentation Press Release by the Bavarian State Parliament Announcement by the Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial. Home / Prisons / Hersbruck Concentration Camp, Channel Islanders Imprisoned in Hersbruck Concentration Camp. The war ended before the engine factory could be placed in service. A partir de 1944, des détenus du camp de concentration durent creuser un système de … Megargee, Geoffrey P. (editor): Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, Vol. The camp was evacuated in April 1945 and the prisoners were deported in the direction of Dachau, partly by train and partly on foot. Hersbruck was a sub-camp of Flossenbürg Concentration and was created in May 1944 to force prisoners to construct a series of tunnels in the nearby mountains for the creation of an underground aeroplane engine plant for the Bayerischen Motoren Werke (BMW), the same BMW known today for … Of his son Marcel, he wrote: My son Marcel Fortune Rossi, born in Sutton Bridge, Lincolnshire, December 14th 1921.